Docket
39590
Yasin Mahad Ali v. Her Majesty the Queen
(Alberta) (Criminal) (As of Right)
Judgments on applications for leave to appeal are rendered by the Court, but are not necessarily unanimous.
| Date | Proceeding | Filed By (if applicable) |
|---|---|---|
| 2022-03-10 | Appeal closed | |
| 2022-02-02 | Transcript received, 51 pages Paper copies not yet delivered (due to the difficulties in negotiating courier shipments during the ongoing protest). (rec'd 2022-03-25 / reçu 2022-03-25) |
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| 2022-01-20 | General proceeding, (Letter Form), Case Sensitivity Questionnaire, (Printed version due on 2022-01-27) | Yasin Mahad Ali |
| 2022-01-17 | General proceeding, (Letter Form), Case Sensitivity Questionnaire, (Printed version due on 2022-01-24) | Her Majesty the Queen |
| 2022-01-14 | Formal judgment sent to the registrar of the court of appeal and all parties | |
| 2022-01-14 | Judgment on appeal and notice of deposit of judgment sent to all parties | |
| 2022-01-14 | Judgment on the appeal rendered, Mo Côt Br Row Ja, The appeal from the judgment of the Court of Appeal of Alberta (Calgary), Number 1901-0302-A, 2020 ABCA 344, dated September 28, 2020, was heard on January 14, 2022, and the Court on that day delivered the following judgment orally: MOLDAVER J. (Brown, Rowe and Jamal JJ. concurring) — Mr. Ali appeals as of right to this Court. A majority of the Alberta Court of Appeal affirmed his conviction for possession of cocaine for the purpose of trafficking. They found that the trial judge did not err in determining that the police’s strip search of Mr. Ali, incident to his lawful arrest, complied with s. 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in accordance with the principles governing strip searches set out by this Court in R. v. Golden, 2001 SCC 83, [2001] 3 S.C.R. 679. A majority of this Court agrees with the conclusion of the majority of the Court of Appeal and would dismiss the appeal. Where a strip search is conducted as an incident to a person’s lawful arrest, there must be reasonable and probable grounds justifying the strip search, in addition to reasonable and probable grounds justifying the arrest (see Golden, at para. 99). These grounds are met for the strip search where there is some evidence suggesting the possibility of concealment of weapons or other evidence related to the reason for the arrest (see Golden, at paras. 94 and 111). Like the majority of the Court of Appeal, we are satisfied that there were reasonable and probable grounds justifying the strip search: the police had confidential source information that their target was in possession of a large quantity of cocaine and that he kept most of his drugs on his person; Mr. Ali was found next to a table with drugs, other than cocaine, and with items consistent with drug trafficking, including a scale, money, and a ringing cell phone; Mr. Ali’s pants were partially down as he was being arrested; and one of the officers reported seeing Mr. Ali reaching towards the back of his pants. Viewed in its totality, this was clearly some evidence suggesting the possibility that Mr. Ali had concealed drugs, particularly cocaine, in and around the area of his buttocks. We would not give effect to Mr. Ali’s argument that a hearsay error arose because the officer who requested the strip search, Cst. Darroch, testified that he was told by another officer, Cst. Odorski, that Mr. Ali was reaching towards the back of his pants, and Cst. Odorski did not refer to this in his testimony at trial. Mr. Ali now concedes that Cst. Darroch’s testimony was not inadmissible hearsay because it was not entered for the truth of its contents; the question, he maintains, was whether Cst. Darroch could reasonably rely on the information from Cst. Odorski as a factor in deciding whether he had reasonable and probable grounds to request the strip search. Defence counsel chose not to cross-examine either officer about this information. It stood uncontradicted. This tactical choice undermines Mr. Ali’s submission that it was unreasonable for Cst. Darroch to rely on Cst. Odorski’s information. For these reasons, we would dismiss the appeal. CÔTÉ J. — I agree with the majority’s disposition of the appeal, but for different reasons. In my view, the respondent Crown failed to discharge its burden of establishing the legal basis for the strip search of Mr. Ali in accordance with the principles set out by this Court in Golden. As such, I find that Mr. Ali’s s. 8 Charter rights were violated, substantially for the reasons of Veldhuis J.A., at paras. 27-61. However, I part ways with Veldhuis J.A. with respect to the proper remedy. Relying on Golden, at paras. 118-19, Mr. Ali argues that this Court should substitute an acquittal because conducting an analysis under s. 24(2) of the Charter would be a mere theoretical exercise. I disagree. As in Golden, I acknowledge that Mr. Ali has already served his custodial sentence. Nevertheless, he remains subject to restrictions to his liberty, including a firearms prohibition and a DNA order. As such, determining whether the evidence ought to be admitted will have tangible consequences, both for Mr. Ali and for the public. Moreover, the facts of this case are plainly distinguishable from Golden. The strip search in Golden was coercive and forceful, conducted in a public area without authorization from a senior officer, and may have jeopardized the accused’s health and safety. The search of Mr. Ali has none of these characteristics. It is undisputed that it was conducted in a reasonable manner. In my view, it is worthwhile to assess whether admitting evidence obtained as a result of the Charter breach would do further damage to the repute of the justice system. I further acknowledge that, as the courts below found no breach of s. 8 in this case, they did not consider whether the evidence should be excluded under s. 24(2). However, I accept the Crown’s submission that the record before this Court is sufficient to determine whether the admission of the evidence would bring the administration of justice into disrepute. Therefore, I see no utility in sending the matter back for redetermination. In these circumstances, it is open to this Court to conduct its own first-instance s. 24(2) analysis (R. v. Spencer, 2014 SCC 43, [2014] 2 S.C.R. 212, at para. 75). Applying the three lines of inquiry from R. v. Grant, 2009 SCC 32, [2009] 2 S.C.R. 353, I would not exclude the evidence. First, the seriousness of the police conduct in this case was at the lowest end of the spectrum. Cst. Darroch believed in good faith that he had the requisite grounds to strip search Mr. Ali. He relayed his grounds to his superior officer, who authorized the search at the police station. I see no basis to suggest that the police wilfully disregarded Mr. Ali’s Charter rights. This factor favours admission. Second, the impact of the strip search on Mr. Ali’s privacy interests, while serious, was somewhat attenuated by the reasonable manner in which it was conducted. At trial, counsel for Mr. Ali noted the search was “as humane as possible given the circumstances” (trial transcript, A.R., at p. 173). In my view, this factor tips only moderately in favour of exclusion. The final Grant inquiry strongly favours admission. Mr. Ali was in possession of 65 grams of crack cocaine. The Crown would have no case without this evidence. There is a strong societal interest in adjudicating this case on its merits. On balance, I conclude that excluding the evidence would bring the administration of justice into disrepute. To be clear, I would emphatically re-affirm the principles arising from Golden and the high threshold the Crown must meet to justify a warrantless strip search. However, while the Crown failed to meet that threshold in this case, the conduct of the police did not undermine the integrity of the justice system. Therefore, I would not exclude the evidence. For the foregoing reasons, I would dismiss the appeal and affirm the conviction. Dismissed |
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| 2022-01-14 | Hearing of the appeal, 2022-01-14, Mo Côt Br Row Ja Decision rendered |
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| 2022-01-12 | Correspondence received from, will not be filing condensed book | Yasin Mahad Ali |
| 2022-01-11 | Correspondence received from, will not be filing condensed book | Her Majesty the Queen |
| 2022-01-10 | Notice of Remote Participation by a Judge of the Supreme Court of Canada sent to all parties | |
| 2022-01-07 | Correspondence (sent by the Court) to, Correspondence regarding upcoming Zoom hearing | |
| 2021-12-07 | Notice of appearance, Monique Dion and Éric Marcoux will appear before the Court. Ms. Dion will present oral arguments. | Her Majesty the Queen |
| 2021-11-29 | Notice of appearance, Wade Hlady will appear before the Court and will present oral arguments. | Yasin Mahad Ali |
| 2021-11-08 | Notice of hearing sent to parties, (sent electronically) | |
| 2021-11-08 | Appeal hearing scheduled, 2022-01-14 Decision rendered |
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| 2021-10-29 | Letter advising the parties of tentative hearing date and filing deadlines (Notice of appeal – As of right) | |
| 2021-07-07 | Certificate (on limitations to public access), (Letter Form), 23B, (Printed version filed on 2021-07-07) | Her Majesty the Queen |
| 2021-07-07 | Certificate (on limitations to public access), (Letter Form), 23A, (Printed version filed on 2021-07-07) | Her Majesty the Queen |
| 2021-07-07 | Respondent's factum, (Book Form), Completed on: 2021-08-24, (Printed version filed on 2021-07-07) | Her Majesty the Queen |
| 2021-05-12 | Certificate of counsel (attesting to record), (Letter Form), (Printed version filed on 2021-05-12) | Yasin Mahad Ali |
| 2021-05-12 | Certificate (on limitations to public access), (Letter Form), Form 23B for Appellant's record , (Printed version filed on 2021-05-12) |
Yasin Mahad Ali |
| 2021-05-12 | Appellant's record, (Book Form), Completed on: 2021-05-14, (Printed version filed on 2021-05-12) | Yasin Mahad Ali |
| 2021-05-12 | Certificate (on limitations to public access), (Letter Form), Form 23B for Appellant's factum. , (Printed version filed on 2021-05-12) | Yasin Mahad Ali |
| 2021-05-12 | Appellant's factum, (Book Form), Completed on: 2021-05-14, (Printed version filed on 2021-05-12) | Yasin Mahad Ali |
| 2021-05-04 | Order on motion to extend time to serve and/or file notice of appeal, by the Chief Justice | |
| 2021-05-04 | Decision on motion to extend time to serve and/or file notice of appeal, CJ, UPON APPLICATION by the appellant for an order extending the time to serve and file his notice of appeal as of right to March 24, 2021; AND THE MATERIAL FILED having been read; IT IS HEREBY ORDERED THAT: The motion is granted. Granted |
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| 2021-05-04 | Submission of motion to extend time to serve and/or file notice of appeal submitted, CJ | |
| 2021-04-26 | Motion to extend the time to serve and/or file the notice of appeal, (Book Form), Motion for extension of time to file amended Notice of Appeal Missing: -Proof of service -Filing fee (rec'd 2021-05-25), Completed on: 2021-11-26 |
Yasin Mahad Ali |
| 2021-04-01 | Response to motion to extend time to serve and/or file notice of appeal, Completed on: 2021-04-23 | Her Majesty the Queen |
| 2021-04-01 | Letter acknowledging receipt of a notice of application for leave to appeal | |
| 2021-04-01 | General proceeding, A FILE NUMBER HAS BEEN ASSIGNED AT THIS TIME FOR THE SOLE PURPOSE OF PREPARING AN ORDER RELATING TO THE MOTION FILED BY YASIN MAHAD ALI. | Yasin Mahad Ali |
| 2021-03-24 | Discontinuance of the application for leave to appeal, Discontinuance of Notice of Application for leave to Appeal only. | Yasin Mahad Ali |
| 2021-03-17 | Notice of application for leave to appeal, Completed on: 2021-04-01 | Yasin Mahad Ali |
| 2021-03-17 | Motion to extend the time to serve and/or file the notice of appeal, (Book Form), Completed on: 2021-04-01, (Printed version filed on 2021-03-25) | Yasin Mahad Ali |
| 2021-03-17 | Certificate (on limitations to public access), 23B | Yasin Mahad Ali |
| 2021-03-17 | Certificate (on limitations to public access), 23A | Yasin Mahad Ali |
| 2021-03-17 | Notice of appeal, (Letter Form), require: -Filing fee required (rec'd 2021-05-25) -Amended Notice of Appeal rec' 2021-03-24, Completed on: 2021-05-25, (Printed version filed on 2021-03-25) |
Yasin Mahad Ali |
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